En présentant ses vœux, Guillaume Pepy avait annoncé « une bonne année 2011 » pour le groupe SNCF. Puis la SNCF a annoncé la hausse de son chiffre d’affaires, de 7,2 %, à 32,6 milliards. Le 16 février, le groupe vient de présenter l’ensemble de ses résultats, tous comptes faits, devant son conseil d’administration. Si le chiffre d’affaires est en nette hausse, ce n’est pas le cas du résultat net. Il passe de 697 millions d’euros en 2010 à 125 millions. Principale explication : un fort impact de la dépréciation d’actifs, dont 700 millions d’euros pour les rames TGV. « Ces actifs ont dû être dépréciés pour refléter l’insuffisante rentabilité de notre flotte », a précisé Guillaume Pepy. Deux jours plus tôt, lors d’un colloque Avenir Transports, le président de la SNCF avait déjà annoncé : « La valeur des rames TGV aujourd’hui dans les livres de la SNCF s’élève à près de 4,5 milliards d’euros. Nous allons la déprécier car nous avons trop de rames et elles sont surtout anciennes. »
Une marge à la hausse… mais insuffisante
Présentée comme le véritable indicateur de la performance économique, la marge opérationnelle progresse sensiblement, dépassant les trois milliards d’euros, pour s’établir à 9,3 % en 2011 contre 7,1 % en 2010 et 6,8 % l’année précédente. Mieux : toutes les branches voient leur marge progresser, mais surtout Proximités. Cette branche bénéficie en particulier de la performance de Keolis, de la signature avec l’Etat de la convention « trains d’équilibre du territoire ».
En revanche, la marge est quasi stable pour SNCF Voyages, « malgré des chocs externes de grande ampleur » – forte hausse des péages et de l’énergie traction –, et grâce à « une bonne performance commerciale ». Reste que si la marge est, en pourcentage, la plus élevée avec 14 %, Guillaume Pepy l’a relativisée lors du colloque Avenir Transports : « Il faudrait qu’elle soit de 20 % pour pouvoir renouveler la flotte. »
De façon globale, la hausse de la marge à 9,3 % n’est d’ailleurs pas suffisante pour l’entreprise qui, comme elle l’a rappelé à diverses reprises, estime à plus de 10 % le « niveau de profitabilité suffisant » pour couvrir les besoins d’investissements. La marge reste d’ailleurs inférieure à celle réalisée en 2008, à 10,3 %. Avant « la » crise… Et l’objectif demeure d’atteindre « au plus vite » une marge sur chiffre d’affaires située entre 10 et 12 %, pour couvrir les besoins d’investissements.
Un endettement réduit
Lors de la présentation des résultats 2010, la SNCF soulignait que la dette commençait à être maîtrisée et devrait se stabiliser. En fait, en 2011, elle est en baisse de 170 millions et se situe à 8,33 milliards d’euros. Et le groupe est « légèrement en avance » sur son plan de marche, visant à revenir à « une situation financière durablement soutenable » à l’échéance 2015. Globalement, comme pour chacune de ses branches.
Pascal Grassart
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